民法典合同篇和物权篇常用法律术语（中英文对照）(民法典合同篇新增概念及特征)

民法典合同篇和物权篇常用法律术语

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第一部分 民法典合同篇常用法律术语

1. conclude v. 缔结，订立（条约，公约，合同）；裁定

to conclude a contract 缔结合同

conclude a peace treaty 订立和平条约

conclude a treaty with sb. 与某人订立和约

The parties may conclude a contract in writing, orally, or in other form.

当事人订立合同，可以采用书面形式、口头形式或者其他形式。

2. subject matter n. 诉讼标的；（合同等的）标的；标的物

subject matter competence (of a court) 按标的物确定的管辖权

subject matter of insurance 保险标的

A sales contract is a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of a subject matter to the buyer, and the buyer pays the price for it.

买卖合同是出卖人转移标的物的所有权于买受人，买受人支付价款的合同。

3. settlement n. (诉讼或纠纷)和解；清偿；设定；（遗嘱或遗产）完全执行；分割；安置

settlement account 结算账户

settlement agreements 和解协议

settlement allowance 安置费

The termination of a relation of rights and obligations under a contract shall not affect the validity of clauses that related to settlement of accounts and winding-up.

合同的权利义务关系终止，不影响合同中结算和清理条款的效力。

4. offer n. 要约；报价；企图 v. 提出要约

offer of settlement 和解要约

offer to chaffer 公开招标

offer to guarantee 担保要约

offer under seal 密封要约

an invitation to offer 邀约

The parties may conclude a contract by making an offer and acceptance or through other means.

当事人订立合同，可以采取要约、承诺方式或者其他方式。

5. reward n. 赏金；悬赏合同；报酬 v. 报酬；奖赏

reward system 奖赏制度

Where a rewarder through making an announcement promises to pay a reward to anyone who has completed a particular act, the person who has completed the act may request the rewarder to pay the reward.

悬赏人以公开方式声明对完成特定行为的人支付报酬的，完成该行为的人可以请求其支付。

6. damages n. 损害赔偿金

compensatory damages 补偿性赔偿金

punitive damages 惩罚性赔偿金

nominal damages 象征性赔偿金

The parties may agree that if one party breaches the contract, it shall pay a certain sum of liquidated damages to the other party in light of the circumstances of the breach, and may also agree on a method for the calculation of the amount of compensation for losses incurred as a result of the breach.

当事人可以约定一方违约时应当根据违约情况向对方支付一定数额的违约金，也可以约定因违约产生的损失赔偿额的计算方法。

7. fall v. （债务）到期；（租约）期满；失败；跌价；属于；在…限度（范围或管辖权）内

n. 跌倒；垮台

fall a victim to the accident 成为事故的受害者

fall due 到履行期

fall to one’s share 归某人负担；归某人的份额

fall into error 陷入歧途

During the course of concluding a contract, the party that falls under any of the following circumstances and causes losses to the other party shall bear the liability for compensation.

当事人在订立合同过程中有下列情形之一，造成对方损失的，应当承担赔偿责任。

8. remuneration n. 报酬；赔偿金；偿还

remuneration for personal services 劳务报酬

remuneration for work 工作报酬

remuneration in kind 实物报酬

remuneration of capital 资本报酬

After a contract becomes effective, where the parties have not agreed on such contents as the quality, price or remuneration, or the place of performance, and the like, or the relevant agreement is unclear, the parties may make a supplementary agreement; where the parties fail to reach a supplementary agreement, such contents shall be determined according to the relevant clauses of the contract or the course of dealing.

合同生效后，当事人就质量、价款或者报酬、履行地点等内容没有约定或者约定不明确的，可以协议补充；不能达成补充协议的，按照合同相关条款或者交易习惯确定。

第二部分 民法典物权篇常用法律术语

1.alienation n. 转让，分裂，疯狂

alienation clause 转让条款

alienation of affections 离间夫妻感情

The creation, alteration, alienation, or extinguishment of the real rights in

immovable property shall be registered in accordance with law.

不动产物权的设立、变更、转让和消灭，应当依照法律规定登记。

2.demurrer n. 诉求不充分抗辩，反对，停顿

demurrer book 法律抗辩争点记录

demurrer to evidence 对证据的异议

Where the right holder as recorded in the register of immovable property does not agree to make rectification, an interested person may apply for registration of a demurrer.

权利人、利害关系人认为不动产登记簿记载的事项错误的，可以申请更正登记。

-- Article 220 法工委版

3. priority n.在先，优先权，优先行使管辖权原则

priority of attachment扣押的优先性

priority of exercise优先行使管辖权

However, the mortgagee has no priority of compensation made with the proceeds obtained from the new building.

但是，新增建筑物所得的价款，抵押权人无权优先受偿。

4. interference n.妨碍；介入；干预；扰乱

（专利法）抵触审查指两人或两人以上就同一发明主张专利权时，用以确定何一优先的行政程序。目前通常由两种制度，一是发明在先制度【first to invent rule】；二是申请在先制度【first to file rule】

interference estoppel rejection 抵触审查

interference pay 干预报酬

interference proceeding 抵触审查程序

Where a real right has been or may be interfered with, the right holder may file a claim for removal of interference or elimination of danger.

妨害物权或者可能妨害物权的，权利人可以请求排除妨害或者消除危险。

5. expropriation n.征收私有财产以作公用

expropriation of land 土地征用

expropriation of property 财产的征用

No organization or individual may embezzle, misappropriate, privately divide, withhold, or default on the payment of indemnities for expropriation and other expenses.

任何组织或者个人不得贪污、挪用、私分、截留、拖欠征收补偿费等费用。

6. request n. 要求，申请 v. 请求

request blank/form 申请书

request note/sheet 申请书

A finder that illegally possesses the found property shall have no right to claim the expenses paid for the safekeeping of the property, among others, or to request the right holder to fulfill the obligation as promised.

拾得人侵占遗失物的，无权请求保管遗失物等支出的费用，也无权请求权利人按照承诺履行义务。

7. equity n. 股权、股份，衡平法，公平，横平，含义、意图，附属权利或义务

equity capital 股本

equity credits 资产信贷

A pledge on fund shares or equity is created upon registration of the pledge.

以基金份额、股权出质的，质权自办理出质登记时设立。

8.withhold v. 扣留（属于他人或他人主张的财产）；拒绝

withhold agent 税款预提义务人

withhold confidence 撤回信任

withhold exemption and reductions 预扣税减免

The property owned by the state shall be protected by law, and no organization or individual may embezzle, loot, privately divide, withhold, or destroy them.

国家所有的财产受法律保护，禁止任何组织或者个人侵占、哄抢、私分、截留、破坏。

9. misappropriate v. 侵占

misappropriation theory 信息盗用理论

misappropriation of public funds 侵吞公款

No organization or individual may embezzle, misappropriate, privately divide, withhold, or default on the payment of indemnities for expropriation and other expenses.

任何组织或者个人不得贪污、挪用、私分、截留、拖欠征收补偿费等费用。

10. conversion n. 折价

conversion into money 折价，换算成现金

if it is difficult to partition the property or the partition will decrease its value, the proceeds obtained from the conversion into money, auction or sell-off of the immovable or movable shall be distributed.

难以分割或者因分割会减损价值的，应当对折价或者拍卖、变卖取得的价款予以分割。

11. gift v. 赠与 n. 赠与物

gift by will 遗嘱赠与

gift of property 财产赠与

gift subject to charge 附负担的赠与

The ownership of the parking spaces and garages within the building area planned as vehicle parking spaces shall be agreed upon by the related parties in the manners of selling, gifting or leasing, etc.

建筑区划内，规划用于停放汽车的车位、车库的归属，由当事人通过出售、附赠或者出租等方式约定。

12. recover v. 完全收回（开支、费用、债权、被夺取的财产等），恢复

recover the goods 追回货物

recover stolen goods 追回赃物

recover losses 挽回损失，弥补损失

Where a person transfers to the transferee an immovable or movable which such a person has no right to dispose of, the owner has the right to recover the immovable or movable.

无处分权人将不动产或者动产转让给受让人的，所有权人有权追回；

13. will n. 遗嘱

joint will 共同遗嘱

joint and mutua lwill 共同互惠遗嘱

last will 最后遗嘱（指死者生前最近所设立的遗嘱）

Where a right of habitation is created by will, the relevant provisions of this Chapter shall be applied mutatis mutandis.

以遗嘱方式设立居住权的，参照适用本章的有关规定。

14. collateral adj. 担保的；有担保的 n. 担保物

collateral acceptance 担保承兑

collateral act 担保行为（指给予债券、押金等作担保）

Where a debtor fails to perform his obligations due, or any event upon which an security interest is to be enforced as agreed upon by the parties occurs, the person entitled to the security interest has priority to be paid from the collateral in accordance with law, unless otherwise provided by law.

担保物权人在债务人不履行到期债务或者发生当事人约定的实现担保物权的情形，依法享有就担保财产优先受偿的权利，但是法律另有规定的除外。

15. security n. 担保

security agreement 担保合同

security bill 证券担保汇票

For the purposes of the preceding paragraph, the debtor or the third party is the mortgagor, the creditor is the mortgagee, and the property posted as security is the mortgaged property.

前款规定的债务人或者第三人为抵押人，债权人为抵押权人，提供担保的财产为抵押财产。

16. surety n.（连带责任）保证人

surety money 保证金

surety commission 保证手续费

Where a claim is secured by both a collateral and a surety, and the debtor fails to perform his obligations due or any event upon which a security interest is to be enforced as agreed upon by the parties occurs, the creditor shall enforce the claim in accordance with the agreement.

被担保的债权既有物的担保又有人的担保的，债务人不履行到期债务或者发生当事人约定的实现担保物权的情形，债权人应当按照约定实现债权。

17. private plots n. 自留地

The right to use the land owned by the collective, such as rural land as a residential lot, private plots and hilly land allotted for private use, except that it may be mortgaged as provided for by any law.

宅基地、自留地、自留山等集体所有土地的使用权，但是法律规定可以抵押的除外。

18. homestead n. 宅基地

homestead Act 宅地法案；份地法

The relevant laws on land administration and the relevant provisions of the State shall apply to obtaining, exercise and transfer of homestead use rights.

宅基地使用权的取得、行使和转让，适用土地管理的法律和国家有关规定。

19. seize. 查封

Cash Seized in Drug Bust 缉毒查扣的现金

The mortgagee knows or should have known that the mortgaged property is seized or detained.

抵押权人知道或者应当知道抵押财产被查封、扣押。

20.exercise

exercise of judgement 行使判断

exercise of judicial discretion 司法裁量权行使

If the pledgee fails to exercise the pledge, the pledgor may request the people's court to have the pledged property auctioned or sold off.

质权人不行使的，出质人可以请求人民法院拍卖、变卖质押财产。​​​